Immigration terminology

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Here are some terms found on US form I-485, Application to Register Permanent Residence or Adjust Status. For the most part, these are in the order they appear on the form.

As with any terminology, confirm accuracy before use.

English日本語
fund基金
foundation財団
society団体
military service兵役 (へいえき)
crime of moral turpitude不道徳な犯罪
offense犯罪
cite法廷に召喚する (しょうかん)
indict起訴する
convict (passive)有罪の判決を受ける
fine罰金を科する
imprison投獄する (とうごく)
ordinance法令
traffic violation交通違反
pardon恩赦 (おんしゃ)
amnesty大赦
rehabilitation decree更生命令
clemency寛大な処置
diplomatic immunity外交官免責特権 (外交特権)
prosecute訴追する (そつい = 起訴)
criminal offense刑事犯
public assistance公的扶助 (ふじょ)
municipality地方自治体
prostitute売春 (男の・女の)
vice悪徳
gambling賭博 (とばく)
encourage奨励する (しょうれい)
induce仕向ける
abet (a crime)そそのかす
illicit不法な
traffic不正取引する
controlled substance規制品目
collude結託する
sabotage破壊行為, 妨害行為
kidnap誘拐する
political assassination政治的暗殺
hijack乗っ取る (ハイジャックする)
espionage諜報 (スパイ行為)
overthrow打倒する (倒す)
evade the law法の網をくぐる
sensitive機密な
totalitarianism全体主義
deport追放する
remove追う (おう)
exclusion入国拒否
recission廃棄
fradulent詐欺的な, 不正な
final order最終命令
civil penalty民事刑罰
willful故意の
misrepresentation不正確に述べる, 誤り伝える
material fact重大な事実
benefit利益
draft (evade)徴兵 (忌避= きひ)
Armed Forces国軍
custody (withhold)親権保留*
polygamy一夫多妻 (いっぷたさい)
torture拷問 (ごうもん)
genocide集団抹殺, ジェノサイド
threaten脅迫する
religious belief信教
paramilitary準軍事
self-defense unit自衛部隊
vigilante unit自警部隊
rebel group反逆団体
guerrilla bandゲリラ隊
militia国民軍・市民軍
insurgent troops反乱軍
jail拘置所 (こうちしょ)
prison camp政治犯収容所
detention facility収容施設
labor camp強制労働収容所
detain拘留する (こうりゅう)
authoritarianism権威主義
commercialized vice不法営利事業*
incite扇動する (せんどう)
procure (a prostitute)斡旋する (売春婦を)

 

* Thanks to Mak Sakamoto for assistance with asterisked terms.

tsugiki – grafting

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Grafting is the joining of two plants, such as the base of one for its hardy roots and the upper part of another for its fruit or flowers.

Grafting is called 接ぎ木 (つぎき) in Japanese. The base plant, called the stock or root stock/rootstock, is 台木 (だいき) in Japanese, and the upper plant known as the scion is called 穂木 (ほぎ) in Japanese.

The point of union between the two is known as the joint, graft bud or graft union, called the 接着部 (せっちゃくぶ) in Japanese.

See Anatomy of a Fruit Tree and How to Plant a Plum Tree for brief descriptions of grafted plants with photos and graphics. See also 接木苗用台木製造装置, a patent with a diagram of a grafted plant.

tanesen – till

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In addition to the standard meanings given by dictionaries, the word 種銭 (たねせん) refers to the amount of money in the cash register before the start of the day (and at the end of the day, after the cash proceeds are removed), such as at a retail store. The 種銭 is used to make change for customers and the amount of the 種銭 is deducted from the total cash at the end of the day to find the cash proceeds.

In English, this is called the till, a word also meaning cash register.

Races in Ball Bearings

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In the construction of a ball bearing are two races. The inner race is known in Japanese as 内輪 (ないりん) and the outer race as 外輪 (がいりん).

Also, the part that holds the balls is known as the ball bearing cage or 保持器 (ほじき).

See “How Yo-Yos Work” and “Ball Bearing” for diagrams showing the construction of a ball bearing.

Injection Routes

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There are a number of injection or infusion methods used to deliver medicine to the body. Here is a partial list. Watch out in particular for intradermal injection 皮内注射 and subcutaneous injection 皮下注射, which are often confused in translation.

Blood Vessels – 血管 (けっかん)

  • intra-arterial (or intraarterial) injection -  動脈内注射 (どうみゃくない ちゅうしゃ),
  • intravenous injection - 静脈内注射 (じょうみゃくない ちゅうしゃ) or 静注 (じょうちゅう) for short

Bones – 骨 (ほね)

  • intrafemoral injection - 大腿骨内注射 (だいたい こつない ちゅうしゃ) or 大腿内注射 (だいたいない ちゅうしゃ) – not well attested on the Internet
  • intraosseous injection – 骨内注射 (こつない ちゅうしゃ),
  • intratibial injection - 脛骨内注射 (けいこつない ちゅうしゃ)

Ears – 耳 (みみ)

  • auricular injection - 耳内注射 (じない ちゅうしゃ),
  • intratympanic injection - 中耳内注射 (ちゅうじない ちゅうしゃ)

Eyes – 目・眼 (め)

  • intraocular injection – 眼内注射 (がんない ちゅうしゃ)
  • periocular injection (and perhaps periorbital injection) - 眼周囲注射 (がんしゅうい ちゅうしゃ)

Heart – 心臓 (しんぞう)

  • cadiac injection – 心臓注射 (しんぞう ちゅうしゃ),
  • intracardiac injection - 心臓内注射 (しんぞうない ちゅうしゃ)
Muscles – 筋肉 (きんにく)
  • intramuscular injection - 筋肉内注射 (きんにくない ちゅうしゃ)

Nose – 鼻 (はな)

  • intranasal injection – 鼻腔内注射 (びこうない ちゅうしゃ), 鼻内注射 (びない ちゅうしゃ)

Skin – 皮膚 (ひふ)

  • intradermal injection (also intracutaneous injection) – 皮内注射 (ひない ちゅうしゃ),
  • percutanous injection – 経皮注射 (けいひ ちゅうしゃ),
  • subcutaneous injection - 皮下注射 (ひか ちゅうしゃ)

Tongue – 舌 (した)

  • sublingual injection - 舌下注射 (ぜっか ちゅうしゃ)

Other – その他 (そのた)

  • hemorrhoid injection - 痔核注射 (じかく ちゅうしゃ),
  • intrathecal injection - 脊髄腔内注射 (せきずいこうない　ちゅうしゃ),
  • intraperitoneal injection - 腹腔内注射 (ふくくう ちゅうしゃ)
We will be adding to this list as we come across new terms.

反転ファン, 二重反転ファン

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Although there is not a lot of evidence on the Internet, 反転ファン (はんてん ふぁん) or 二重反転ファン (にじゅう　はんてん　ふぁん) is found as both counter-rotating fan and counter-rotating axial fan, with or without the hyphen.

Citations:

  1. 反転ファンターボジェットエンジンの研究 =Study of Counter Rotating Axial Fan Turbojet Engine on the National Diet Library website (source PDF)
  2. 二重反転ファン空力音響の数値シミュレーション - Numerical Simulation of Counter-Rotating Fan Aeroacoustics on the J-Global website,
  3. 二重反転ファンロータ用歯車駆動システムの設計 - Design of a gear drive system for counter-rotating fan rotors on the J-Global website,
  4. 二重反転ファン – counter-rotating fans on the IBM Pre-Sales Advisor website